Clinical neural scaffold for olfactory ensheathing cells Thesis

Clinical neural scaffold for olfactory ensheathing cells - Thesis Example It is known that UV can degrade polymer. Previous studies showed that UV wavelength of 250 nm can cleave poly (methyl methacrylate), a standard polymer to its monomer methyl methacrylate and gases (Srinivasan, Braren, & Casey, 1990). Increasing the duration of the sterilization also increased damage to the polymer structure (Shearer, Ellis, Perera, & Chaudhuri, 2005)Recently, UV has been shown to induce significant degradation of PLGC and P(LLA-CL) nanofibers (Yixiang, Yong, Liao, Chan, & Ramakrishna, 2008). The degradation by UV of electrospun nanofibers can be exploited for the fabrication of 3D nanofibrous scaffolds with micropores. For the ethanol sterilization, the global structure of the fibrous mesh shrank in size, detaching part of the fastened portion of the mesh from the membrane insert Investigation on two different scaffolds showed that ethanol sterilization also resulted in damage to the polymer (Shearer, Ellis, Perera, & Chaudhuri, 2005). Digital image analysis from SEM images, showed that average fibre diameter expanded by 21.1% (EOa= 1.08Â µm; EOb=0.89 Â µm) (Error: Reference source not found). ... been the sterilization process of choice in electrospun PLGA nanofiber scaffold for inducing the continuous differentation of mesenchymal stem cells, chondrogenic and osteogThe PMMA membrane inserts were inert to all sterilization processes. enic lineages (Xin, Hussain, & Mao, 2007). Ethylene oxide sterilization had no effect on the inherent viscosity, glass transition temperature and mechanical properties of 82:18 poly(l-lactic acid)-poly(glycolic acid) used on craniofacial plates. The in vitro hydrolysis rates and mechanical strength loss were not also affected providing evidence that ethylene oxide sterilization cycle agrees well with copolymer plates and thus should not affect clinical performance (Pietrzak, 2010). 14.2 Cellular Response on Scaffold Functionalization Scaffolds to encourage cell growth and differentiation must mimic not only the biological but also the physical properties of the extracellular matrix. Functionalization of the engineered scaffolds aims to improve su rface properties towards cell differentiation and proliferation. The high fidelity of the submicron scale features and dimension in the PLGA electrospun fibres mesh after coating and air-drying was verified through SEM (Error: Reference source not foundC, E, G, I). The effect of nanofibres functionalization was then studied by analysing the cellular responses on the nanofibres.After four days in culture, the responses of seeded purified OEC on the four types of functionalization were investigated using immunofluorescence microscopy. All four coatings (collagen, laminin, pLL and pDL) promoted cell attachment, when compared to the non-functionalized PLGA electrospun nanofibres mesh (Error: Reference source not foundD, F, H, J vs. Error: Reference source not foundA). All four

Individuality in 20th Century Art Essay Example for Free

Individuality in 20th Century Art Essay 20th Century art has spawned great art forms. Its evident transformation had triggered the question of whether or not the development was caused by the pure genius of the artist or by the preceding art that he was born into. This essay will discuss how the artists of the 20th century have made art almost indefinable (Nicolas Pioch, The 20th century) by looking into the quotes of Immanuel Kant (1790) and Andre Malraux (1953), as well as looking at some actual works before and after 1950 which would illustrate that art has clearly become an expression of an artist’s emotions and thoughts as honed by the past. As individuality steps in, we will closely look at how an individual’s person is actually affected by his experiences and orientation on various aspects of his existence such as how he could have been raised, how he may have been exposed to previous artworks and the like. Immanuel Kant, in his quote from the Critique of Judgment (1790) had clearly defined genius as, â€Å"a talent for producing that for which no definite rule can be given†. I believe that this is like how scientists are referred to as geniuses, they have defied popular beliefs or what had actually become a norm for their time or era. They would produce materials that are not usual for the majority. Similar to this, I believe that such was also the case as he may have found that an artwork, which proved to be unique for its genre, is already a product of a genius. A good example of what was said to be a work of a genius was that of Vincent Van Gogh’s Starry Night and Donatello’s Crucifix (images shown in the Documentation). These were considered unique and were painted outside the what was considered as standard during their time or era, as these works had clearly defied the usual idea of what our usual picture of the heavens is (Starry Night) as well as the common picture of how Christ was crucified. Texture of these creations also scream of individuality as was the case with Van Gogh’s work. As was said by I. Kant, â€Å"originality must be its primary property† for an art to be considered as the work of a genius. It is clear he meant that it was something that was not usually done but did not deduce it to not being influenced at all by artworks that came before them. Instead the focus was on how they have made their creations different from the others without necessarily straying from the same idea or thought. Like in Van Gogh’s work, there had already been paintings depicting the heavens at night but its form and texture as well as the colors utilized were clearly out of the ordinary and had been very original despite the presence of previous artworks that had been made. On the other hand, Andre Malraux’s, â€Å"The Voices of Silence† (1953) compared artwork to a child that matures. Meaning that art basically evolves. It does not necessarily veer away from its contemporaries but is created from what he may have experienced. Like a child that may have learned to walk more carefully after acquiring a scratch from a fall, an artist was also said to rise from their own conflicts and the achievements of their predecessors. A person that may have lived within a war-torn era may create an artwork that depicts what he had witnessed, at the same time picking out best practices from works that were previously done by others and using them as inspiration to put his experience or what he had witnessed into a work of art. As such, A. Malraux was right about picking them out â€Å"from their struggle with the forms that others have imposed on life†. We note though, that experiences do not necessarily remain within the context of a person’s personal struggles but can derive thoughts from their successes as well or the comfort that they may have had. A classic example is Jose Manuel Merello Arvilla’s â€Å"bodegon electrico†, which depicts Spain’s colorful yet subdued culture evident in the shades and texture utilized. Similar to this is Vijendra Singh Devra’s painting of a three-part series called the Blue Night, where the texture was actually smooth and the contrast was stark that may be an evidence of the painter’s experiences or social status. It may not be easy to defy the norms. An artist is faced with the risk of being singled out either as great or poor. The genre of which the artwork is in defines the product that the artist creates. As mentioned in â€Å"Necrophilic Logics and the revolt of the imagination†, http://www. geocities. com/kk_abacus/carp. html: A split between the rational and irrational is constructed by every rational system; each rationality creates a corresponding irrationality, that which does not fit inside of it. Therefore, each rational system has inherent limits. To break out of a rationality, one must also be capable of conceiving of that which lies beyond the limits of that system. Rational systems can be useful tools but they can also become mental prisons. There is a slim demarcation between the subconscious and the imagination of a person as it says that both are something that goes beyond the inherent limits of man’s rationality. As such, it is clear that an artist’s genius is based on how he creates a unique description of what he has undergone or experienced as well as his absorption of what had been proven effective and successful for other artists as well.

The Hobbit - The Motivation Of Lust :: essays research papers

Anyone who had something of great value stolen from him would try to get it back. Even if that person had to go to high risks to reclaim what was theirs. In the book The Hobbit, a hobbit named Bilbo Baggins, a wizard named Gandalf, and thirteen dwarves have to get back their lost treasure that a character named Smaug stole. To reclaim their treasure they have to travel a long distance to the Lonely Mountain where Smaug is hiding . Throughout their journey they encounter many life-hindering experiences. Dangers and obstacles pop up everywhere. The reason why this group goes to such great lengths to get their treasure is because of one reason, which is their motivation of lust. Lust created the conflict in this story. The conflict is the most important literary element because it directly affects everyone in the story. There are many conflicts, but the main one is between the dwarves and their lust for their lost treasure that Smaug has stolen. This conflict creates the basis for the story. Plus, there were conflicts added on because of this main conflict. Their journey to the Lonley Mountain consisted of one conflict after another. Even though the conflicts on their journey are not as important as the main conflict, they are what make this book interesting. Tolkien's choice of the main conflict is not the most creative. It is based upon the traditional story of "going out and taking back what is yours." If I had to choose something I didn't like about the book, it would be this simple plot. It is a good thing he added such adventurous conflicts to this story, otherwise it would not be a good piece of literature. Through the conflicts in this story, the author has a lesson for the reader. The lesson is if one wants something bad enough, he must be ready to suffer the consequences. To claim the treasure the group has to go through a lot. Some examples of this are being abducted by an army of goblins, being captured by giant spiders, and being captured by woodland elves. If a person has a goal for himself, he too will have to go through hard times. The only way the group succeeded is by having lust and pride drive them on. A person with a goal must also have something to drive him towards his goal. Lust is what carrys them to their goal.

Is Human Cloning Another Frankenstein? Essay -- Argumentative Persuasi

Is Human Cloning Another Frankenstein? Â   The creation of life by unnatural method is a question that Mary Shelley's Frankenstein addresses. Through the events that result from Victor's attempt to bestow life to the inanimate, Shelley concludes that it is inappropriate for man to play god. With the advent of the science of creation, cloning, scientists now face the same problem that Shelley raised years ago. The applications of such research are numerous, all varying in severity. In what way the users for cloning are developed and performed is of much debate. Unfortunately, there is no absolute answer for the issue. Â   A popular suggestion is to develop cloning technology for medical use on humans. The creation of animals for use at man's discretion, such as livestock for food, is an ancient and generally accepted practice. However, when creating a human clone, for its organs, can it be said that such an act is murder? Aldous Huxley illustrates another vision of cloning in Brave New World. The novel depicts people created from basic templates to fit in a given level of society. Should people have the ability to design the type of child they get? The implications of creating custom humans raise many moral problems. In Shelley's Frankenstein, the act of creation resulted in an abhorred being. Using cloning, there is the potentiality for someone to develop a genetically enhanced being for malicious purposes. The question of how to regulate potential uses and misuses of the aforementioned ideals is of much debate. Several acceptable answers have been suggested, but each has its own weaknesses and group of detractors. Â   As an answer to the moral questions that the advent of cloning has raised, several coun... ... will be formulated. Â   With the exploration of various solutions and issues that arise when dealing with these approaches to the moral dilemma faced, one can only conclude that the best solution is already being developed. The human race is not ready to control the formation of life, for there are too many potential abuses and no way to control them. A peremptory ban on human cloning research should not be necessary with the current level of cloning technology possessed. However, the strict limiting of which areas of this research are pursued, and who pursues the research is most critical. As new ideas appear confusion arises, and understanding of all aspects of the new ideas cause rise to necessary changes in society. The popular approval of the idea of human cloning is indispensable to the efforts of those who wish to advance the science of human cloning.

Latin American History

Ernesto â€Å"Che† Guevara’s work is entitled Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War. He elaborates on how Cuba was revolutionized and what happened during those days. It was published in Australia in 2006 and runs to 314 pages. Guevara is conscious of his place in history and writes for posterity, to preserve a history of the armed struggle against the tyranny of the dictator Batista. The revolutionary icon Ernesto Guevara states that the Cuban Revolution has had a very important role in bringing consciousness and liberty to the Latin America region.   Because of the Cuban revolution the country has become one of the most influential nations in the world. Cuba has achieved its goal of the gradual eradication of illiteracy and unemployment is solved. Social security is also guaranteed and for the young there is the assurance of education. Aside from all the hindrances and challenges that Cuba had experienced before, the country still manages to stand up and fight for their rights and liberties through social revolution.  Socialism is said to be improved and will be accredited for the duration of the Cuban Revolution. Even through the darkest days and the blockades that were done to Cuba, the people did not stop their revolution. Guerilla warfare played an important role in the Cuban Revolution according to Guevara’s writings. Guevara’s guerrillas were able to overcome superior firepower and succeed over superior forces by living off the land and utilizing hit and run tactics. They knew where they would attack next and the government forces did not. They were trusted by the people and therefore were better organized politically by listening to the people. Guerilla warfare was a rebellious movement which was formed to overcome economic, political and cultural adversities. It promotes changes which aim to eradicate corruption in the government, to stop tyranny, repression and remove the power of aristocratic elites. Guevera relates that in liberated territories the need for health care, industry and education is basic and paramount. Before the Cuban revolution there was exploitation and cultural repression which made clear the division and inequality of wealth within the nation. In this environment the rich became richer and the poor became poorer. From my own perspective it seems that people of Cuba became radical about what was happening in their society, and that made rebellion or insurgency a viable option. According to Guevara’s writings, violence should only be an option if there is an illegitimacy of the government and the people of that nation believe that there is really injustice and inequality in their society.   Local radical tribunals were formed to lead what they call people's justice, to try   to solve public arguments in Cuba. Cuba became the center of international liberalism because of this, but the truth is it was really different. Ernesto Guevara was an influence in building a new political and social government in Cuba. He constantly utilized the teachings of Marxist Leninism leadership in his revolution, but he never confirmed this no did he deny it. Che was very willing to negotiate with the communists in Sierra, and he was likewise intolerant of Fidel Castro’s aggression and distrust of them. But still, Guevara’s attitude toward Castro made him realize that revolution must be done in Cuba and he must apply Marxism. An analysis of Marxism shows that classes are the central players in the process of history, yet for Guevara these classes are lacking and are replaced by the revolutionaries. Guevara used Marxist themes in his writings, and he used the philosophy of Karl Marx in his own theories of economics. In this vein it is also necessary to say that Guevara embraced not only communism but a particular branch of it, called Stalinism. He applauded the Soviet invasion of Hungary that crushed the workers’ uprising there in 1956 and rejected   Khruschev’s denunciation of Stalin’s crimes. Politically he seemed to be a Guevarist. I would say that Guevara played the biggest role in the Cuban revolution in political consolidation and the formulation of economic strategies. Unlike what Castro had believed, being a pragmatist, Guevara used his power in the leadership towards the creation of a powerful and independent state. Guevara did not favor nor did he totally support Fidel Castro’s pragmatic leadership, and he immersed himself in his writing, deciding the best method to refute Castro.   He read a work entitled Eastern European Handbook On Planning during this period. Guevara found that the key to Cuba’s survival is industrialization and economic growth. In his speeches on the economy between 1959 and 1965, his persistent themes were the importance of planning and development. According to Che, there is a need for industrialization and diversification and a need for consequently winning workers over to the idea that they must delay their anticipation of immediate material enhancement in their lives. In addition, Guevara’s analysis of the economy was influenced by Soviet thinking. The state is given authority over the revolutionary army; the guiding tenet of economics is the market, and the perception is that of a beleaguered   state defending its survival in opposition to the looting marketers. But according to Guevara, he knew the dangers of isolation. He then pursued a version of internationalism that takes into consider the problems unique to Cuba when it comes to its dependency. Therefore, internationalism is just a part of the problems that Cuba experiences during the revolution. Knowing that Cuba exists in a global milieu and by the stability of internal forces, then what political, social and economical alterations can make it stable, Guevara asks. For Ernesto Guevara, the response is, of course the Cuban Revolution.  He does not consider the production and exportation of revolution elsewhere. According to him, the only thing that Cuba can export is their political and economical state. Guevara is a most compelling and convincing revolutionary leader. Aside from his health problems, he disregards the material, and his undying dedication evokes the near worshipful devotion of others. At this period, he becomes at ease with Fidel Castro.. Being recommended as the Director of the National Bank made him the center of economic policies. Then Guevara formed the National Institute of Agrarian Reform which he designed for economic transformation. It can be said that agrarian reform becomes the basis of change and the peasants become the first liberating army. Starting with a more competent agriculture, and the eradication of joblessness, Cuba is now ready to become an industrialized country. Guevara also predicts that in five years, his country will be adequate in the production of textiles. It will be able to develop mines for nickel, iron and manganese production. Further, Cuba will have its first car plant up and running. Because of Cuba's economic organization, its reliance on sugar exportation, its need for spare parts, machinery and industrial plants, and also due to the drain of professionals and technicians, it is possible that Che's projections are very idealistic. Politically speaking, Cuba will not work or function independently for long, and formation of socialism in a hostile capitalist hemisphere was unattainable and utopian thinking. Che made his predictions and published them in an article during March of 1962   as he introduced the socialist theory. Simplistically, the impossibility of finding spare parts, the lack of technologies and the shortness of immediate resources needed to raise productivity could only be realized by an intensified management of labor.  Guevara realizes the absurdity of animosity among the leadership and comes to understand what can be lost in the face of fraternal rivalry, and what is to be gained by a cold realistic approach Guevara’s writings are expository and sensitive as to how the revolution in Cuba came about. He also explicitly reveals the scenario of the various occurances during in those days.   Cuba is obviously a nation built on revolution that has made a major impact on the world. The Cuban Revolution might well be considered the greatest contribution to the world of liberalism and revolution. Many transformations and drastic changes have occurred in Cuba. Ernesto Guevara is certainly an icon of revolution. He sets a standard for true revolution through his life, his analyzations and his writings. His writings on the intricate workings of the Cuban revolution is a great contribution to Latin America history for it is stated in his writings what he believes and how he has transformed and liberated Cuba. I enjoyed reading the book. I find it to be full of facts and insights that Guevara conceptualizes. References Guevara, E. Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War (Authorized Edition)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Melbourne: Ocean Press, 2006.   

Company Bre

Company Bre Introduction This paper presents the events associated with the scandal that involved the Bre-x mining company. Historically, the seduction of Gold business has always brought bad scenarios as people maneuver in the quest of enriching themselves. A Canadian mining company, Bre-X was incorporated and headed by David Walsh.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Company Bre-x Scandal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During the year of its incorporation, it was listed on the Alberta Stock Exchange. Bre-X was a small mining company that dealt with gold mining. The events that surrounded this company are articulated in this paper. Company Bre-x scandal Bre-X was not profitable until the year 1993 when it exploited the gold in Busang Indonesia. The company became profitable, and its shares consequently became valuable. This led to bigger mining companies wanting to share in the fortune, and several agreements were made by Barrick , Bre-X, The Indonesian government, and the Freeport an American company. The arrangement enabled Bre-X to receive the largest share. Eventually, it turned out that Freeport was tricked, and Borneo had low gold deposits that were poor quality-salted gold. A court case was opened, and several people who were suspected of the crime died mysteriously. In addition, Bre-X shares price collapsed drastically before it was closed down (Francis, 1998). David had followed the advice of Felderhof, a geologist to buy the Busangin Deposits in Indonesia. David hired him as the General manager in charge of Busang explorations. Little was known until when the Busang Gold deposit value was estimated to be 2 million Ounces in 1993 and a final valuing of 30 million in 1995 by Mr. Guzman, a geologist. This saw Bre-X’s shares rise tremendously to $14.87 in 1995.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Lea rn More The share value hit a peak of $280.00 in April 1996 when Bre-X started trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange. The value of the gold deposits continued to increase, and had an estimate of $200 million (Francis, 1998). Major mining firms such as Barrick Gold Corp organized to take over, but they failed. The Indonesian government was involved, as well as the Freeport-McMoRan Copper Gold an American company. The initial agreement was that Barrick was to receive a share of 67.5%; Bre-X was to get 22.5%, and the Indonesian government was allocated 10%. The final deal between Freeport and Bre-X led to an agreement that Bre-X and Freeport exploit the Gold. In this agreement, Freeport was to receive a 15% share, Indonesian interests 40%, and Bre-X 45%. Borneo, the side of the Freeport had low deposits reporting 0.01 grams. On the other hand, Busang, the Bre-X part had large and rich deposits reporting a grade of 4.39 grams. The gold in Borneo was not only small, but was also said to be salted. Salting of gold makes undermines the quality of gold and is not as shiny as pure gold. This raised alarm, and Freeport demanded answers. When investigations were started, several people die mysteriously including Walsh, followed by the tragic downfall of Bre-X mining company (Salinger, 2005). Conclusion The Bre-x mining company scandal had far reaching consequences on the business and individuals involved. Notably, some of the suspects died mysteriously while others went to places where they could not be reached easily to testify in the case.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Company Bre-x Scandal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The only surviving culprit of the Bre-X mining company, Mr. Felderhof has been charged with several cases including insider trading. However, there is no enough evidence for him to be charged. The justice system in this region did not act fairly to protect the interest of those who had invested in this company. References Francis, D. (1998). Bre-X: The inside story. Toronto: McClelland-Bantam. Salinger, L.M. (2005). Encyclopedia of white-collar corporate crime. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications

Free Essays on Review Of An Easy Burden

â€Å"An Easy Burden† chronicles Andrew Young’s views and inside knowledge of the civil rights movement and race relations in the United States. With his first hand experience with such powerful figures as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Young is able to clear misconceptions and educate people of what the movement was about and why it went where it did. By holding positions in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and also on a governmental level, he allows us to hear a point of view some might never have known. Young was a man who faced many hardships at an early age; one being the color of his skin. Born in New Orleans, he was set in a racially diverse neighborhood. He was educated by his father as to why people acted different towards Young. â€Å"Daddy taught me that racism was a sickness, and to have compassion for racist whites as I would have compassion for a polio victim. Racism wasn’t a problem with me, he told me, it was a problem they had.† Although his father told him to take a compassionate approach he didn’t leave him feeling like he was defeated. â€Å"Daddy had a genuine, turn the other cheek attitude, although he didn’t believe in becoming a victim.† It is easy to see that Young was introduced to compassionate progress which is what he went on to achieve. Against his parent’s wishes, he went into the ministry. It was his faith that led him to join Dr. King in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. The message of a n on violence and Christian love could transform people being oppressed and their oppressors. As is known today, social change does not come easily. With social change comes pressures. In this respect, what Young was advocating for in the 1960s came with many pressures. Segregation was forcefully established and to plan a success movement their needed to be strong leadership. Young says, â€Å"The non violent approach is not emotional, although it is deeply spiritual. It i... Free Essays on Review Of An Easy Burden Free Essays on Review Of An Easy Burden â€Å"An Easy Burden† chronicles Andrew Young’s views and inside knowledge of the civil rights movement and race relations in the United States. With his first hand experience with such powerful figures as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Young is able to clear misconceptions and educate people of what the movement was about and why it went where it did. By holding positions in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and also on a governmental level, he allows us to hear a point of view some might never have known. Young was a man who faced many hardships at an early age; one being the color of his skin. Born in New Orleans, he was set in a racially diverse neighborhood. He was educated by his father as to why people acted different towards Young. â€Å"Daddy taught me that racism was a sickness, and to have compassion for racist whites as I would have compassion for a polio victim. Racism wasn’t a problem with me, he told me, it was a problem they had.† Although his father told him to take a compassionate approach he didn’t leave him feeling like he was defeated. â€Å"Daddy had a genuine, turn the other cheek attitude, although he didn’t believe in becoming a victim.† It is easy to see that Young was introduced to compassionate progress which is what he went on to achieve. Against his parent’s wishes, he went into the ministry. It was his faith that led him to join Dr. King in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. The message of a n on violence and Christian love could transform people being oppressed and their oppressors. As is known today, social change does not come easily. With social change comes pressures. In this respect, what Young was advocating for in the 1960s came with many pressures. Segregation was forcefully established and to plan a success movement their needed to be strong leadership. Young says, â€Å"The non violent approach is not emotional, although it is deeply spiritual. It i...