Thursday, January 30, 2020

Major Factors Contributing To Habitat Loss Essay Example for Free

Major Factors Contributing To Habitat Loss Essay Fragmentation and degradation are two major contributors that go hand in hand with development. Hillstrom and Hillstrom point out that Inefficient community design is one cause of habitat fragmentation. Another is the haphazardly built system of secondary highways and roads that is both a cause and result of sprawl(12) . When subdivisions go in, more and more often they are homes with one to two acre zoning, resulting in the sprawl for one housing development covering even more area. Throughout the United States millions and millions of miles of these interconnected roads and highways, that serve to connect the housing and the commercial developments, form barriers, creating separated little oasis, of sustainable habitat. As development proceeds, subdivisions, factories, and strip malls spread even further afield, all being connected to each other by this constantly growing network of tar and concrete. It is an endless cycle of human growth and expansion, and connection. Not enough care and planning is being taken to keep wildlife habitat, animal life, and biodiversity alive and thriving. Regarding Fragmentation of habitat, Silberstein and Maser refer to it as The most serious threat to biological, genetic, and functional diversity(13). Maser and Silberstein cite that fragmentation Is the primary cause of not only the often discussed global crisis of the rate of biological extinctions but also the less discussed crisis regarding the rate of local extinction(14). (12) Hillstrom Kevin, Hillstrom Laurie Collier. North America: A Continental Overview of Environmental Issues. Edition: illustrated, Published by ABC-CLIO, 2003. P. 18. (13) Johnson Elizabeth Ann. Klemens Michael W. Nature in Fragments: The Legacy of Sprawl. Edition: illustrated, Published by Columbia University Press, 2005. P. 43. (14) ) Maser Chris, Silberstein Jane, Land-use Planning for Sustainable Development. Published by CRC Press, 2000,p. 43. 5 Fragmentation causes the formation of those islands of refuge, that the animals in the area naturally are drawn, to in search of sustainable habitat. It does not usually take too long, before so many animals are drawn into the enclosed havens, confined by the spiderweb of roads and highways, that the food sources available there become too depleted to support the refugees contained within the man made boundaries. Fragmentation, and the total stripping of vegetation and food sources in these areas destroys the biodiversity of the habitat in a manner it may not ever be able to recover from even after the animals are gone, either starved to death or attempting to migrate elsewhere. Authors Emel and Wolch, in their book, Animal Geographies’ state that Some animals can adapt to such fragmentation and to the human proximity it implies, but more commonly animals die in situ, or migrate to less fragmented areas(15) , and as already noted, migration across the man made roadways is a risk as well. Smaller animals such as bird varieties, and squirrels, lower life forms such as insects and such are able to adapt, and at times even thrive in small park like settings, but foxes, racoon, deer, and other larger predatory animals like bears, and cougars have no place within man’s neighborhoods. Degradation of the habitat is just as bad, it may take a little longer to become apparent, but often when an area is identified, it is already in danger of complete collapse. Many times the corporations are only exposed as guilty of negligent practices resulting in contamination, and or polluting an area, after a major animal die off draws attention to the problem. â€Å" The threats of massive environmental degradation and species extinction and the commodification of billions of animals as the economy goes global have led to turbulent politics surrounding animals(16). Oil spills, chemical releases, water source contamination have all made headlines, and help draw attention to the situation, and create awareness of the plight of animals in our areas. (15) Emel Jody, Wolch Jennifer. Animal Geographies: Place, Politics, and Identity in the Nature-culture Borderlands, Edition: illustrated, Published by Verso, 1998,p. 127. (16) Ibid. p. 8. 6

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

Pride And Prejudice :: Jane Austen books

The story begins with the Bennet family in their estate, Longbourn in Hertfordshire, a rural district about thirty miles from London. Mrs. Bennet tells her husband about Mr. Bingley who is moving into their neighborhood. She hopes he will end up marrying one of her daughters because her main â€Å"goal† in life is to see her daughters married. Mr. Bingley is a rich and handsome man with little self-esteem. He also falls in love with Jane, the oldest of the Bennet sisters. Bingley’s friend, Darcy doesn’t like them together because he doesn’t think too highly of Jane. Darcy is the main male character in the story. He is also rich and handsome but very cocky. He plans with the Bingley’s sisters to break up Mr. Bingley and Jane Bennet. Meanwhile, Darcy has a â€Å"crush† on Jane’s sister Elizabeth. She is the main female character, the second on the Bennet sisters and despises Darcy at first, but later falls for him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elizabeth doesn’t like Darcy because she hears bad thing about him and how he is rude to everyone. George Wickham told her Darcy cheated him out of his inheritance. She believes him because she holds so much hate for Darcy. Later she learns that George lied to her. But before she found out, they almost fall in love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mr. Bennet has no son, so his estate will be given to his closest male relative. The closest relative is his cousin, Mr. Collins. He is an arrogant clergyman. He asks Elizabeth to marry him but she refuses. He ends up marrying Elizabeth’s friend Charlotte Lucas. She married him not for love, but so she will have a safe and secure life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elizabeth goes and sees Charlotte at Hunsford and Darcy comes to see his aunt, who also lives there. His aunt’s name is Lady Catherine de Bourgh. She is a rich, busy noblewoman. Elizabeth and Darcy run into each other. Darcy asks Elizabeth to marry him but she says no because she still doesn’t like him. She said she was upset because he messed up Jane and Bingley’s love affair and also cheated Wickham. He admits to messing with Jane and Bingley, but tells her that Wickham is a jerk. She ends the conversation by saying that she would not marry him even if he were the last man on the earth. The next morning he meets Elizabeth when she goes out for a walk and hands her a long letter that answers all her accusations. Elizabeth now believes him, but is still in shock.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

Confusion – personal writing

Rosie ran a brush through her copper-gold, long, silky hair and smiled contentedly. After a touch of lip-gloss was applied she was satisfied with her reflection, so she grabbed her jacket and bounded down to where her Mother was waiting. â€Å"Okay honey?† her Mum asked smiling. â€Å"Yes, fine thank you Mum.† Rosie replied cheerfully. Rosie was adopted as a child and lived with her mother and adoptive brother in a renovated house in Yorkshire. Her Mother was single and Rosie had never had any contact with her natural parents. Rosie loved her life, she was seeing a lovely guy and her Mum and her were just going to the local shopping center were she was going to meet up with him. Rosie and her Mum, Nicola drove down the motorway in their Renault. It was a beautiful day, Rosie thought to herself as she gazed at the deep, blue sky making shapes in her mind out of the puffy, white candyfloss like clouds. Suddenly her head was thrown sideways against the window and a loud screeching filled her ears. Then all the noise, all the visions were gone and Rosie felt strangely peaceful. Rosie opened her eyes and all she could see was white. She tried to sit up but her head hurt so much she slumped back down again. From that position she tried to figure out her surroundings. She was looking straight upwards at a plain, white ceiling without a blemish on it. She slowly and painfully turned her head and was faced with a blue curtain. To puzzled to be panicked she tried to figure out where she was. She didn't have long to wait. The blue curtain was yanked backed and an extremely harassed looking man looked in. â€Å"Let me see my daughter, where is she?† he was saying. â€Å"Please sir you're disturbing the patients,† a nurse was telling him worriedly. â€Å"Oh thank goodness!† said the strange man and started hugging Rosie. At first Rosie was to shocked to respond and then she pushed him away with all the strength she could muster. â€Å"What do you think you are doing?† Rosie spluttered. â€Å"Darling, what's the matter? What's wrong?† the man asked Rosie, and then turning to the nurse he repeated, â€Å"What's wrong? Why doesn't she recognize me?† â€Å"I'm sorry, she's been through a lot. She needs some rest, please come back later when things are a bit clearer to her.† â€Å"What do you mean?† the strange man demanded, his voice rising, â€Å"This is my only daughter lying here, I need to be with her.† † I realise you must be anxious but the best thing you can for your daughter now is to let her rest, so please I must ask you to leave.† Reasoned the nurse. The man seemed to be fighting a battle with himself to control his emotions. It looked like he won and he seemed to use a lot of self-restraint as he said, â€Å"Fine, I'll see you later Jenny, and just remember Daddy loves you.† Then he walked out. â€Å"Try and get some rest dear.† Soothed the nurse, and then she followed him, shutting the curtain as she left. Jenny lay back, a million thoughts running through her head at once.

Sunday, January 5, 2020

Analysis Of Aecom s Delivers Clean Water And Energy Essay

Company Overview AECOM ‘delivers clean water and energy. Builds iconic skyscrapers. Plans new cities. Restores damaged environments. Connects people and economies with roads, bridges, tunnels and transit systems. Designs parks where children play. Helps governments maintain stability and security. We connect expertise across services, markets, and geographies to deliver transformative outcomes. Worldwide, we design, build, finance, operate and manage projects and programs that unlock opportunities, protect our environment and improve people’s lives. We are AECOM. Built to deliver a better world.† AECOM stands for architecture, engineering, construction, operations, and management. AECOM had revenue of $18 billion US in fiscal year 2015 and is the #1 Design Firm for the 7th consecutive year. AECOM has built some of the most iconic buildings in the World. They have built or managed the construction of the World Trade Center, the last two Olympics, LAX, and 4 NFL Stadiums. Risk Management and Insurance Risk management is an essential part of AECOM’s business model. AECOM has local, state, and government clients that demand on AECOM’s ability to make their cities resilient. They actually have seven service offerings around risk management/resiliency. †¢ Critical Infrastructure Protection †¢ Physical Security and Hardening †¢ Climate Change Adaptation †¢ Cybersecurity †¢ Disaster Risk Reduction †¢ Hazard Mitigation Planning †¢ Disaster Recovery AECOM maintains insurance covering

Saturday, December 28, 2019

Explain the Constructivist Theory of Guidance - 1396 Words

2-28-2012 Explaining Guidance Theories: Developmental, Behavioral, Constructivist. Question: Explain Constructivist theory of guidance. ____________________________________________________________________________ Constructivism is rooted from philosophy just like sociology, ethnography and cognitive psychology. Already in the eighteenth century, the German philosopher Kant believed that a child’s learning was an interaction between the developing child and the environment. He believed that children constructed their own knowledge and understanding about things. This is a constructivist view of how children learn (Bruce, Meggitt Grenier 2010). The child-centered constructivist approach to early childhood education has its†¦show more content†¦During the Preoperational Stage (age 2 to 7) of development, children have an inability to classify and conserve, are egocentric and have a lack of logic. The following examples illustrate these characteristics. Piaget carried out a famous experiment to illustrate that the child at this stage is unable to see from another person’s perspective – ie they are egocentric. The child was shown a 3D model ofShow MoreRelatedU nderstanding Of Different Learning Theories1092 Words   |  5 PagesDIFFERENT LEARNING THEORIES AND THEIR IMPLICATION AND APPLICATION TO e-LEARNING AND ONLINE LEARNING ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to explain the understanding of different learning theories and their implication and application to e-learning and online learning. These theories are classical conditioning, behaviorist theory, information processing theory or cognitive theory and constructivist theory. The paper focuses mainly on how learners should learn from different learning theories and how technologyRead MoreVygotsky ´s Social Constructionism Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesSocial constructivism was developed by Vygotsky. His theory of learning highlights the role which social and cultural interactions play in the learning process. Vygotsky states that learning is co-constructed and that individuals learn from each other. He rejected the assumption made by Piaget that it was possible to separate learning from its social context. He believed that constructivists such as Piaget had overlooked the essentially social nature of language and consequently failed to understandRead MoreConstructivism1479 Words   |  6 Pagesof the education theories, constructivism and behaviourism. According to educational theories, we discuss and compare behaviourism and constructivism in the views of knowledge, learning and instruction. The purpose of this academic essay is to discuss, reflect and conclude on two main educational theories, constructivism and behaviourism, which have been dominant in the field of learning and teaching. 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Both psychologists had their own vision of what stimulates and helps a child grow. Jean Piaget s theory was shaped through the thinking and understanding of how knowledge is built through a series of four stages; preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational and concrete operational. He believed that the development was with the child themselves. On the contrary, Lev Vygotsky s theory is shaped through adult social interactions and cultural roles. He b elieved that a child s development

Friday, December 20, 2019

Graduation Speech I Am A Honor Roll Seal Of Improvement...

I ll always remember the day I sat in class and got the A honor roll seal of improvement with my name on it, my perspective on life all of a sudden changed to where I need to put forth a concentrated effort better. I understood that while others could move along and sufficiently do to get by, that was not what I expected to do. Disappointment was impossible for me, I set objectives that I wouldn t make due with nothing not as much as achievement in my school work, and heading off to college would have been the be the way I achieve my objective. I don t know anything rouses success more than the sentiment disappointment. I just dependably let myself know I need to carry on with the great life, and that takes cash and to have the cash you should be instructed. I never fully comprehended the inclination I had in my stomach, however it made me wiped out to my stomach. I had concentrated on days ahead of time so hard for that test despite everything I took note of I figured I didn t comprehend the material as I thought I did. I contemplated on that falling flat review for a few days, and I just couldn t exactly get it out my head. When I saw that different understudies in my class had fizzled what s more, it simply did not by any means appear to miracle them the way it did to me. They went about as though they could think less about a passing review and that state of mind annoys me the most. I needed to know how their brains handled they fizzled , graciousShow MoreRelatedProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesabout Wiley products, visit our Web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Kerzner, Harold. Project management : case studies I Harold Kerzner. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-471-75167-0 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 0-471-75167-7 (pbk.) 1. Project management-Case studies. I. Title. Printed in the United States of America Contents Preface xi 1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES 1 Lakes Automotive 3 Fems HealthcareRead MoreSSD2 Module 1 Notes31223 Words   |  125 Pagesof ideas, messages, or information as by speech, signals, or in writing. Communication has also been defined as a transaction in which man invents and attributes meanings to realize his purpose. com-mu-ni-cate noun kuh-myoo-ni-keyt 1 a: to make known b: disclose c: to manifest d: to transmit to others e: to express oneself effectively 2 a: the act or process of communication b: transmission c: the exchange of ideas, messages, or information as by speech, signals, or in writing Purpose of ocmmunicaiton/whyRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages11.3.2.2 Impact matrix 11.4 Risk assessment 11.5 Risk responses (.2–.1.2) 11.6 Risk register 7.1.2.5 PERT analysis 7.1.2.6.3 Contingency reserves 7.3.3.4 Change control management G.7 Culture awareness 1.4.4 Project offices 8.1.2 Continuous improvement 5.1 Requirements vs. actual [5.3] Chapter 17 Agile PM 6.1.2.2 Rolling wave This page intentionally left blank Project Management The Managerial Process The McGraw-Hill/Irwin Series Operations and Decision Sciences OPERATIONSRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesOperating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Data Governance at InsuraCorp CASE STUDY I-6 H.H. Gregg’s Appliances, Inc.: Deciding on aRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. — 15th ed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesstudies. I. Title. HF5415.1.H37 2009 658.800973—dc22 2008040282 ISBN-13 978-0-470-16981-0 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PREFACE Welcome to the 30th anniversary of Marketing Mistakes and Successes with this 11th edition. Who would have thought that interest in mistakes would be so enduring? Many of you are past users, a few even for decades. I hope you will find this new edition a worthy successor to earlier editions. I thinkRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesbetter study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Event Management And Regional Development †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Event Management And Regional Development. Answer: Events are basically formed for the assimilation of people and aim of an event is to accumulate diverse community groups in one place. The financial goal, environmental acceleration, and cultural aspects are the main concern of every event (Jones 2014). Certain specific celebrations have done by those events so the further consideration of the event must be well constructed and want to fulfill all the expected outcomes from the customers' perspectives. In Brisbane, major events accumulate lots of people and events like cultural, sports, community programs are the main concern for the revenue generation. There are some events in Brisbane that can ensure the growing local economy and future prospect of the cultural assimilation. World Science Festival Brisbane is one of the major festivals in this region which determines the global merger of community. In an aspect of economic stability, the event can ensure economic strength at Brisbane as collaborative business culture provide investors confidence and organizers expect a huge gain from the event. In this festival education, entertainment and motivation are also given (qld.gov.au 2017). A large LED video has explained the impact of global warming. There are certain energy generation games from where science is simplified by pictures and graphs. The event is very big and that is the reason performances, debates all these are going to the event and people over the country and from the different nation. Almost $5.1 million has come from this event and the economy has become strengthened by the establishment of that event. The social structure also gets formulated as 120,360 attendees are joining this festival and this is the reason the social accumulation has changed by in terms of gathering perspective (Logan, Lewis and Scott 2016). The social communication is also get strengthened by the section of a live audience where over 300, 00 audiences gathered in Brisbane cultural Centre and that also creating impact over the social sustainability. Brisbane Comedy Festival is a kind of art festival that acknowledged by the world as is the platform provides the international comedian and provides them a chance to explore their talent in a front huge audience (brisbanepowerhouse.org 2017). The program happened in Brisbane powerhouse in every year and there are huge numbers of people accumulate there to enjoy the live show. The program supports the community understanding as 70 most promising comedian gather in that place to showcase their talent and the taste of comedy is presented on that occasion. This is the social understanding that event has served and for that reason, community development has enhanced by the effective implementation of social bonding (Jones, Newsome and Macbeth 2016). In the section of the economy, revenue collected from the venue fare, organization and framework cost, their promotion and broadcasting all these are putting revenue for in government side and that initiated by the government for the development of social infrastructure. Brisbane festival is another big event in Brisbane as the program deals with theatre, music, dance, circus, and opera. An event that encompasses all these sectors and that is the reason there are renowned people accumulated for the sake of the program. 58 art and creative companies have come to that event and almost 1million visitors are accumulated in that place to enjoy the program (brisbanefestival.com.au 2017). The social up gradation is at its best as diverse community people can come up and enjoy the show or participated in the show and that reflected the culture of the culture of the show and explores the best outcome from it. There is lots of advertising arena that impacted the event and these are also necessary for the accomplishment of event success. In case of economic resources there are so many events are there local people find their job opportunities too. Almost 300 volunteers are appointed for that event and their main job is to maintain the 22 days of wonders (Masterman 2014). So the job opportunities are one of the concerns that this program has established in Brisbane. The vision of the festival is to motivate the cultural assimilation and that encouraged the global people to enrich the diversity, this is the best part of the social significance that can encourage the socialistic structure of the event. Brisbane Global Rugby Tens is another big event in Australia that encompasses with 300 world-class players, 12 world class teams and 28 games. The tournament promoted biggest rugby starts and they are having a ground to prove themselves in front of the world. The tournament held at the Suncorp Stadium and 52,500 people enjoy the sports event (brisbaneglobaltens.com 2017). Sports events are always important for making diversity and for that reason this game event is significant for Brisbane as the region has organized the event. $250,000 AUD is the prize money that has to deliver to the winner but the economic development that country has got from the advertisement, promotion, stakeholders, business associations attached with the sports events are the main aspect for the company. Stakeholders invested their money in the sports events and that also economically boost up the level of the economy of Brisbane (Mackellar and Reis 2014). Brisbane Marathon Festival is another festival that the state rejoices and celebrates as a marathon is the growing sport of this country. Participants are from 24 countries and there are a good amount of people accumulated in a place to cheer up the participants. 42.195km is the distance that has to be run by each participant and the events were going since 1982 (brisbanemarathon.com 2017). The festival is the accumulation of people and that analyzes the sociological balancing of the company. The marathon festival has the opportunity that ensures the economic up gradation as well as the government has got more revenue by organizing this event.Australian management has a separate view onevent management and the events are organized in an efficient way so that enough revenue can be earned by that process (Getz and Page 2016). Communal collaboration, diversity management, the cultural association, economic enhancement, environment enrichment all these are the important aspect of an event. Thus, events can be justified in proper ways o that all these opportunities can be fulfilled and impact has been implemented. Therefore, all those events signify the social benefit and development of the nation. The possible changes come in the aspect of economic enhancement as Australia has earned a good share amount for those event businesses and this is the key change that Brisbane has taken its initiative and part to engross the nation's economic development. There are many unemployed people who get their job in those events so that has become a learning experience for them. On the other hand for the assimilation of the diverse community, a secure and healthy environment has sustained within a nation that also encourages for the global man-management. The major objective of events is to find out the highlighted aspect of that event; organizer has to concentrate their focus over the section and try hard to promote that aspect so that most of the people are attracted by that aspect of the event and that will surplus the economic, social and cultural enhancement of the region, nation. References brisbanefestival.com.au 2017 22 DAYS OF WONDER retrieved from: https://www.brisbanefestival.com.au/ [Accessed on 29th November 2017] brisbaneglobaltens.com 2017 ONE EPIC WEEKEND OF RUGBY ACTION retrieved from: https://brisbaneglobaltens.com/ [Accessed on 30th November 2017] brisbanemarathon.com 2017 Brisbane Marathon Festival retrieved from: https://www.brisbanemarathon.com/ [Accessed on 29th November 2017] brisbanepowerhouse.org 2017 BRISBANE COMEDY FESTIVAL 2018retrieved from: https://brisbanepowerhouse.org/festivals/brisbane-comedy-festival-2018/ [Accessed on 30th November 2017] Getz, D. and Page, S.J., 2016.Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events. Routledge. Jones, C., Newsome, D. and Macbeth, J., 2016. Governance and environmental implications of motorised events: insights from Australia and avenues for further inquiry.Current Issues in Tourism,19(7), pp.680-696. Jones, M., 2014.Sustainable event management: A practical guide. Routledge. Logan, T.M., Lewis, E.H. and Scott, C., 2016. A Time Series Analysis of the Impact of International Sporting Events on International Arrivals: Melbourne, Australia and Jamaica.International Journal of Economics and Finance,8(6), p.267. Mackellar, J. and Reis, A.C., 2014. World Rally Championships 2009 and 2011: Assessing the tourism value in Australia.Journal of Vacation Marketing,20(1), pp.17-28. Masterman, G., 2014.Strategic sports event management. Routledge. qld.gov.au 2017 World Science Festival 2017 retrieved from: https://www.qld.gov.au/about/newsroom/world-science-festival [Accessed on 29th November 2017]